You have recently analyzed some declassified satellite images which indicate the existence of a previously unrecorded walled structure in the Jordanian desert. You think that it is:

A) either a Byzantine fort known to have been used in the 4-7th centuries CE to defend the region from Sassanid Persians,
or
B) an early Islamic period royal complex (9th century CE) known in the sources to have served as a wintering spot for the Caliph Harun al-Rashid and his court.

The walled site is about 200 square meters but was clearly destroyed since there are scant surface traces of the walls, just the foundations that showed up in the satellite imagery. You have funding to go with a team for 2 weeks to the site in order to survey it and learn more about the site, its date, use, and occupants.

What methods can you use to collect data that will help you to determine which historically known structure it might be (it might even both, or an altogether completely different one)? Why those methods? What data can they provide to help decide what the heck this structure is, when it was built/used and by whom?