Ms. Truman has always provided her statistics students with a small index card for each exam. The students are permitted to write whatever they want on the index card and use it on the exam. She decides to conduct an experiment to investigate if the distribution of grades will be different if she provides students with a large index card. She has 80 students in her statistics classes this year. She randomly assigns 40 students to receive the typical small index card and 40 students to receive a large index card to use on the upcoming exam. The results of the exam are displayed in the table.



What are the appropriate hypotheses to determine if the distribution of grades would differ for all students like these under these two treatments?

H0: There is no association between index card size and grade.
Ha: There is an association between index card size and grade.
H0: There is an association between index card size card and grade.
Ha: There is no association between index card size card and grade.
H0: There is a difference in the distribution of grades for all students like these who use a small or large index card.
Ha: There is no difference in the distribution of grades for all students like these who use a small or large index card.
H0: There is no difference in the distribution of grades for all students like these who use a small or large index card.
Ha: There is a difference in the distribution of grades for all students like these who use a small or large index card.