In the United States, there is a strong relationship
between education and smoking: well-educated
people are less likely to smoke. Does a similar re-
lationship hold in France? To find out, research-
ers recorded the level of education and smoking
status of a random sample of 459 French men
aged 20 to 60 years.36 The two-way table below
displays the data.

Is there convincing evidence of an association be-
tween smoking status and educational level among
French men aged 20 to 60 years?