Nonviolent resistance is the willingness to accept suffering without retaliation. The resister is willing to accept violence if necessary, but never to inflict it. Suffering has a powerful educational and transforming influence on human beings. The author implies all of the following about nonviolent resistance except ________.

a. It involves accepting suffering without retaliation
b. It is transformative for individuals
c. Violence may be inflicted if necessary
d. It has a powerful educational influence