Harry Houdini was attending a séance. A medium was attempting to talk to the dead. The lights started flickering and there was a knocking sound coming from the wall. One of the attendees screamed and said there was a ghost in the room. Harry said the medium was most likely engaging in fraud. Houdini's conclusion exemplifies which scientific assumption?

A) Parsimony
B) Determinism
C) Replication
D) Empiricism