In May 2011, LinkedIn issued its IPO, which was priced at $45 a share. On the first day of trading, it hit a high of $122.70. After six
months of its IPO, the company's stock was trading at double the price of its IPO.

There are several theories that explain IPO underpricing. One of them is that the underwriter needs an honest indication of interest when book-
building _____(prior to or post) the offering, and underpricing is a possible way to secure this information from the _____(institutional investors or individual investors).