Read the following list of factors developed by social psychologists to describe when bystanders help
Bystanders help when
1. They notice the situation.
2. They perceive the situation as an emergency.
3. They believe no one else is available to help.
4. They are in an environment with which they are familiar.
5. They believe their action will not put them in danger.
Conversely, social psychologists have found that bystanders do not help when
1. They think they will be regarded foolishly by others.
2. They perceive that others are not helping for a good reason. (This is called pluralistic ignorance.)
3. They believe others will help instead of themselves. (This is called diffusion of responsibility.)
4. They are unfamiliar with the environment.
5. They perceive that recognition of the event by even a small action might require greater action on their part.