The synthesis of Methyl Phenyl Ether is shown below,
The synthesis takes place in two steps,
Step 1: Formation of Sodium Phenoxide:
Phenol being more acidic than Alcohols with pKa ≈ 10 can loose its proton attached to oxygen atom, as the resulting phenoxide ion is stabilized by resonance. Therefore, when phenol is treated with NaOH (bBase) it looses proton and forms Sodium Phenoxide.
Step 2: Formation of Methyl Phenyl Ether:
The Phenoxide ion formed in first step when treated with Dimethyl Sulfate produces Methyl Phenyl Ether through a Williamson's Ether synthesis Reaction. Dimethyl sulfate is a well known alkylating agent when treated with phenols, thiols and amines. Dimethyl sulfate readily transfers the methyl group and forms NaSO₄CH₃.
The reaction is as follow,
