Answer:
Formal Operational Stage
Explanation:
According to Piaget, the formal operational stage begins at age twelve and lasts into adulthood. In this stage, teenagers do not depend on concrete experiences anymore to comprehend their surroundings as they are able to analyze situations by themselves and think on an abstract way.
As Joyce doesn't depend on concrete experiences anymore, she must be an adolescent who is going through the formal operational stage. She is able to reason by her own ideas without any help of, for instance, objects or illustrations.
