Long narrow bays usually surrounded by high scandinavian mountains are called

The fjords are pretty long, and pretty narrow bays. They have steep, often vertical sides which alleviate high above them. The fjords are filled with ocean water, and they cut through the mountains, moving deeper into the mainland. The name itself is Scandinavian, and that is not a surprise considering that the majority of the fjords are located along the western coast of Scandinavia, which is also the first place where they have been properly examined and described.

The fjords tend to be relatively deep, so moving through them with ships that are adequate for their width is possible.
The formation of the fjords is attributed to the glaciers, as they managed to erode parts of the mountains and create deep valley in them.
When the glaciers melted at the end of the last Ice Age, the sea levels rose, so the deep valley got filled with ocean water.
The fjords make the coastline very rugged, and make it much longer, so despite Norway not being a large country, it actually has the longest coastline in the world because of them.

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