Part A)
Since all four resistors are made up of different elements and connected in series
SO in series the net resistance is given by
[tex]R = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + R_4[/tex]
[tex]R = 0.81 + 0.62 + 10.9 + 0.45[/tex]
[tex]R = 12.78[/tex]
Part B)
If insulation is removed then resistance due to three materials
[tex]R = R_1 + R_2 + R_3[/tex]
[tex]R = 0.81 + 0.62 + 0.45[/tex]
[tex]R = 1.88[/tex]
Part c)
Heat will always flow from High temperature to low temperature
So here heat flow is from 90 degree F to 70 degree F
so it will flow from outside to inside