Question 1: Protected by free speech.
In this case, Abel Fields, a resident of California, was tried for violating the Stolen Valor Act which was signed into law in 2006. During a city meeting about public safety, Abel Fields claimed to have served in the military for eight years. He also claimed to have received a Purple Heart, a prestigious medal. His claims were false, and he was accused of violating the Stolen Valor Act. However, Fields claimed that his right to free speech was violated by the Act.
Question 2: The US Constitution
The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the country. It delineates the frame of government and the rights and responsibilities of government and citizens. This is the document a judge analyzes when he is determining a law's validity.
