harks' teeth and petrified wood are fossils in which organic compounds are replaced by other elements. This process is called putrefaction.
The process whereby organic compounds are replaced by other elements in any material, fossils inclusive, is called mineralization.
In simpler terms, mineralization is a process whereby organic matters in materials are oxidized or broken down into simpler materials that plants can easily pick up for their metabolism. The process is driven by the activities of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and earthworms.
Fossil, on the other hand, refers to the remains of plants and or animals that have been preserved from previous geological ages. Since organisms are largely made of organic materials, once these materials become broken down and replaced with other elements, mineralization has taken place.
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