Wow what a question and it’s not easy. I do know Maryland did not sign till 1781, 3years after the deadline of March 1778.
Large states wanted votes to be proportional in accordance to population, while small states wanted to continue with the one vote for each state state. Northern states wished to count the southern states’ slave population when determining the ratio for how much funding each state would provide for Congressional activities, foremost the war. A lot was going on but As written, the Articles made a promise Each state retains its sovereignty.” Each state carried only one vote.
But bottom line small states with no land claims like Maryland refused only ratifying the Articles after Virginia relinquished its claims on land north of the Ohio River to Congress. It was messy and changed 8years later right before the Constitutional Convention who rejected the Articles in favor of a new, more centralized form of federal government. Called the Federalists Papers supported by wealthy people, cities, favored trade. Roger Sherman Also added in the 3/5 rule where instead the big states can send in 10 congressmen compared to much smaller states being represented by 2 the slaves added 3/5 to the population which sort of evened things out.
Anyway They carved out the current U.S. Constitution, which took effect in 1789, 11 yrs later from its conception, giving the federal government greater authority over the states and creating a bicameral legislature where you have 2 separate chambers the House and Senate. The Articles were just bad a big flop. Why? We had no Executive Branch no Judicial Branch to settle disputes, no power to levy taxes , you could ask states but you’ll get a big no! So you had The Federalist I’m changing the Articles but also the non Federalists whom were worried that we would be taxed to death, trample on our liberties and that States would do a better job to best represent the people. It’s goes on but born from the Federalists we got a pitiful paper called the Constitution that we use today.
That’s all folks! All buttoned up clean and tidy so we can at least wrap our heads around this complex, depth defying question that had us march in murky waters and propaganda but I think we made it out safe. Special thanks to; Roger Sherman, John Adams, and Madison but most of all “Constitutional Compromises”.
