Nail tips exert tremendous pressures when they are hit by hammers because they exert a large force over a small area. What force (in N) must be exerted on a nail with a circular tip of 1.15 mm diameter to create a pressure of 2.63 ✕ 109 N/m2? (This high pressure is possible because the hammer striking the nail is brought to rest in such a short distance.)

Respuesta :

Answer:

2780 N

Explanation:

Pressure is defined as the ratio between the force applied and the area of the surface:

[tex]p=\frac{F}{A}[/tex]

Here we know the pressure:

[tex]p=2.63 \cdot 10^9 N/m^2[/tex]

we also know the diameter of the tip, d = 1.15 mm, so we can calculate the radius

[tex]r=\frac{1.15 mm}{2}=0.58 mm = 5.8\cdot 10^{-4} m[/tex]

and so the area

[tex]A=\pi r^2 = \pi (5.8\cdot 10^{-4} m)^2=1.057\cdot 10^{-6} m^2[/tex]

And so we can re-arrange the equation to find the force:

[tex]F=pA=(2.63\cdot 10^9 N/m^2)(1.057\cdot 10^{-6} m^2)=2780 N[/tex]