Devon was in a plane crash and suffered quite a few injuries. For months afterward, he had nightmares about the event, and he was too scared to fly again. He avoided air travel after the accident as well as any discussions about flying or plane crashes. This helped him cope with the incident and prevent panic attacks. In the context of personality hardiness, which of the following characterizes Devon's behavior?a. Transformational coping
b. Regressive coping
c. Preventive stress management
d. Self-reliance

Coping. This concept has been important in the field of psychology for more than 40 years. During the years 1940 and 1950 it meant an organizational concept in the description and clinical evaluation and, at present, it constitutes the center of a whole series of psychotherapies and educational programs that aim to develop adaptive resources. The issue of coping has also received a lot of attention in the media, as can be seen by flipping through the index of any magazine, book sales lists or programming guides. Actually, the word coping is both a colloquial and scientific term. Despite its prolific history and its current popularity, there is still a lack of coherence regarding theories, research and understanding of the subject. Even the most superficial review of what is written by both scholars and laymen, already reveals confusion regarding the meaning of coping and its role in the adaptation process.