Mark drew pictures on the wall with crayons, which made his father furious. To teach him a lesson, his father gave him a severe beating, which left several bruises all over the boy’s body. A neighbor heard this and said, ‘quit abusing that boy,’ to which the father justified his behaviors by responding, ‘I am not abusing him, I am teaching him discipline because he will be spoiled if we let his behaviors go.’ Which defense mechanism is the father using?