Respuesta :
Answer:
(a) The weight percent HNO3 is 63%.
(b) Density of HNO3 = 111.2 lb/ft3
(c) Molarity = 13792 mol HNO3/m3
Explanation:
(a) Weight percent HNO3
To calculate a weight percent of a component of a solution we can express:
[tex]wt = \frac{mass \, of \, solute}{mass \, of \, solution}=\frac{mass\,HNO_3}{mass \, HNO_3+mass \, H_2O}\\ \\wt=\frac{1.704}{1.704+1} =\frac{1.704}{2.704}= 0.63[/tex]
(b) Density of HNO3, in lb/ft3
In this calculation, we use the specific gravity of the solution (1.382). We can start with the volume balance:
[tex]V_s=V_{HNO3}+V_w\\\\\frac{M_s}{\rho_s}=\frac{M_{HNO3}}{\rho_{HNO3}}+\frac{M_w}{\rho_w}\\\\\frac{M_{HNO3}}{\rho_{HNO3}} = \frac{M_s}{\rho_s}-\frac{M_w}{\rho_w}\\\\\rho_{HNO3}=\frac{M_{HNO3}}{\frac{M_s}{\rho_s}-\frac{M_w}{\rho_w}} \\\\ \rho_{HNO3}=\frac{1.704}{\frac{2.704}{1.382*\rho_w}+\frac{1}{\rho_w}} \\\\ \rho_{HNO3}=\frac{1.704}{2.956/ \rho_w}= 0.576*\rho_w[tex]V_s=V_{HNO3}+V_w\\\\\frac{M_s}{\rho_s}=\frac{M_{HNO3}}{\rho_{HNO3}}+\frac{M_w}{\rho_w}\\\\\frac{M_{HNO3}}{\rho_{HNO3}} = \frac{M_s}{\rho_s}-\frac{M_w}{\rho_w}\\\\\rho_{HNO3}=\frac{M_{HNO3}}{\frac{M_s}{\rho_s}-\frac{M_w}{\rho_w}} \\\\ \rho_{HNO3}=\frac{1.704}{\frac{2.704}{1.382*\rho_w}-\frac{1}{\rho_w}} \\\\ \rho_{HNO3}=\frac{1.704}{0.956/\rho_w}= 1.782*\rho_w[/tex]
The density of HNO3 is 1.782 times the density of water (Sp Gr of 1.782). If the density of water is 62.4 lbs/ft3,
[tex]\rho_{HNO3}= 1.782*\rho_w=1.782*62.4 \, lbs/ft3=111.2\, lbs/ft3[/tex]
(c) HNO3 molarity (mol HNO3/m3)
If we use the molar mass of HNO3: 63.012 g/mol, we can say that in 1,704 kg (or 1704 g) of HNO3 there are 1704/63.012=27.04 mol HNO3.
When there are 1.704 kg of NHO3 in solution, the total mass of the solution is (1.704+1)=2.704 kg.
If the specific gravity of the solution is 1.382 and the density of water at 20 degC is 998 kg/m3, the volume of the solution is
[tex]Vol=\frac{M_{sol}}{\rho_{sol}}=\frac{2.704\, kg}{1.382*998 \, kg/m3} = 0.00196m3[/tex]
We can now calculate the molarity as
[tex]Molarity HNO_3=\frac{MolHNO3}{Vol}=\frac{27.04mol}{0.00196m3} =13792 \frac{molHNO3}{m3}[/tex]
