Answer:
d) a and b are both true; For Allison, it is reinforcement. For Matthew, it is punishment.
Explanation:
For Allison, it is reinforcement because Allison wants to keep ringing doorbells all night as he was enjoying it and also getting candy in return.
For Matthew, it is punishment because Matthew cries and refuses to ring the doorbell when it is his turn as he didn't want to do that.
Reinforcement: It refers to the stimulus strengthening of a particular behavior that increases the likelihood of a definite response.
Punishment: It refers to imposing an unpleasant outcome on a specific group of people or an individual through any authority figure.