Answer:Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.
Explanation::)
Based on the valence electrons, the formation of ionic and covalent bonds takes place.
• The valence electrons refer to the electrons present in the outer shell of an element.
• These are the electrons that possess the tendency to either share with other elements to give rise to molecules or to lose completely to turn into an ion.
• The formation of strong covalent bonds takes place when the electrons are shared by the elements.
• On the other hand, when an element donates an outer electron, it leads to the formation of oppositely charged ions, which are attached by an ionic bond, which is weaker.
Thus, valence electrons determine that whether the bond formed between the atoms is ionic or covalent.
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