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The Ostwald process for the commercial production of nitric acid from ammonia and oxygen involves the following steps:
4NH3(g)+5O2(g)⟶4NO(g)+6H2O(g)2NO(g)+O2(g)⟶2NO2(g)3NO2(g)+H2O(l)⟶2HNO3(aq)+NO(g)
Write the overall equation for the production of nitric acid by the Ostwald process by combining the preceding equations. (Water is also a product.) Is the overall reaction exothermic or endothermic?

Respuesta :

Giangiglia

Answer:

[tex]12 NH_3 (g)+ 21 O_2 (g) + \longrightarrow  14 H_2O (l) + 8 HNO_3 (g) + 4 NO (g)[/tex]

Explanation:

The steps of the Ostwald process:

[tex]4 NH_3 (g) + 5 O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 4 NO (g) + 6 H_2O (g)[/tex]

[tex]2 NO (g) + O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 2 NO_2 (g)[/tex]

[tex]3 NO_2 (g) + H_2O (l) \longrightarrow 2 HNO_3 (g) + NO (g)[/tex]

Combinning the equations:

[tex]4 NH_3 (g) + 5 O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 4 NO (g) + 6 H_2O (g)[/tex]

+

[tex](2 NO (g) + O_2 (g) \longrightarrow 2 NO_2 (g))*2[/tex]

+

[tex](3 NO_2 (g) + H_2O (l) \longrightarrow 2 HNO_3 (g) + NO (g))*4/3[/tex]

=

[tex]4 NH_3 (g)+ 4 NO (g)+ 7 O_2 (g) + 4 NO_2 (g) +4/3 H_2O (l) \longrightarrow 4 NO (g) + 6 H_2O (g) +  4 NO_2(g) + 8/3 HNO_3 (g) + 4/3 NO (g)[/tex]

Simplifying:

[tex]4 NH_3 (g)+ 7 O_2 (g) + \longrightarrow  14/3 H_2O (l) + 8/3 HNO_3 (g) + 4/3 NO (g)[/tex]

[tex]12 NH_3 (g)+ 21 O_2 (g) + \longrightarrow  14 H_2O (l) + 8 HNO_3 (g) + 4 NO (g)[/tex]

The overall reaction is endothermic becuase the formation of new chemical bonds requires energy consumption.

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