A researcher interested in finding a simple way to estimate intelligence decides to evaluate skull circumference as a possible indicator of intelligence. He finds that the size of an adult's skull remains the same from one measurement to the next, but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence. In this example, skull circumference as a measure of intelligence is
A) reliable and valid
B) reliable but not valid
C) valid but not reliable nor valid
E) highly correlated with intelligence test scores

The procedure can be considered reliable as the measurement of the skull circumference can be conducted with consistency. Hence, the measurement of the skull circumference can be relied upon for a research. However, the aspect that it can be considered or used as a measure of intelligence does not seem logical or acceptable. Hence, the validity of the procedure is not confirmed since it is stated in the question that "but he finds that skull circumference is not a very good predictor of intelligence". There the procedure is reliable but not valid.