The difference is that Al³⁺, having a positive charge, is a cation, while N³⁻, having a negative charge, is an anion.
An ion is a molecule or atom that has a positive or negative electrical charge. That is, an ion is an atom whose electric charge is not neutral.
Ions are formed by ionization. The term refers to the phenomenon of gain or loss of electrons from the atom when it is subjected to certain processes. The loss or gain of electrons allows the atom to acquire an electric charge, transforming itself into an ion.
A cation is formed when a neutral atom gives up one or more electrons. It is then positively charged, that is, it has a greater number of protons in its nucleus than electrons.
An anion is formed when a neutral atom accepts one or more electrons. It is then negatively charged, that is, it has a greater number of electrons than protons in its nucleus.
So
. the difference is that Al³⁺, having a positive charge, is a cation, while N³⁻, having a negative charge, is an anion.
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