Answer:
a. Word-for-Word plagiarism
Explanation:
In the question above, the student quoted the author's paragraph word-for-word and left nothing out. There was no paraphrasing. However the student tried to do an inline reference to the author as he writes "Tripp and Bichelmeyer (1990)" in the paragraph. This is wrong because there were no quotation marks to indicate that this paragraph was quoted word-for-word from the author, rather the student uses the word "suggested" in the paragraph after the error citation "Tripp and Bichelmeyer (1990)". This would have been different if the paragraph was paraphrased.