Answer:
This is because when the pedal sprocket arms are in the horizontal position, it is perpendicular to the applied force, and the angle between the applied force and the pedal sprocket arms is 90⁰.
Also, when the pedal sprocket arms are in the vertical position, it is parallel to the applied force, and the angle between the applied force and the pedal sprocket arms is 0⁰.
Explanation:
τ = r×F×sinθ
where;
τ is the torque produced
r is the radius of the pedal sprocket arms
F is the applied force
θ is the angle between the applied force and the pedal sprocket arms
Maximum torque depends on the value of θ,
when the pedal sprocket arms are in the horizontal position, it is perpendicular to the applied force, and the angle between the applied force and the pedal sprocket arms is 90⁰.
τ = r×F×sin90⁰ = τ = r×F(1) = Fr (maximum value of torque)
Also, when the pedal sprocket arms are in the vertical position, it is parallel to the applied force, and the angle between the applied force and the pedal sprocket arms is 0⁰.
τ = r×F×sin0⁰ = τ = r×F(0) = 0 (torque is zero).
The lever arm equals the length of the sprocket arm in the horizontal position, but it is zero in the vertical position since the line of action of forces goes directly through the axis of rotation.
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