In TOPIC 5, we began adding much more detail to our understanding of the "universal non-kin conflict of interest problem." Which of the following is the most accurate and complete picture of the causal foundation of this problem?

a. Animals inherently, consciously know they have conflicting interests with others because they are genetically different from other individual conspecifics.

b. Natural selection inevitably acts on animal populations to shape individuals to behave as if they have conflicting interests with non-kin conspecifics.

c. Animals inherently, consciously know they have conflicting interests because this behavior pattern was learned (for unknown reasons) in the ancient ancestor of all animals and culturally transmitted.

d. Natural selection inevitably acts on animal populations to shape individuals to behave as if they have conflicting interests with all conspecifics, including close kin.

c. Animals inherently, consciously know they have conflicting interests because this behavior pattern was learned (for unknown reasons) in the ancient ancestor of all animals and culturally transmitted.

Explanation:

Living organisms generally have conflicting interests and are usually selective in nature. They tend to move together with their kinds and see others are competition. This has been in existence since the inception of living organisms. This is a natural tendency for a set of animals to act differently when in contact with other sets of animals.