The manager of a company situated in the country of Aria lost a business deal with a company situated in the country of Iota. The Arian manager complained to the Iotan higher-level executives when he couldn't obtain information from his counterparts in Iota. The higher-level Iotan executives were offended by his behavior. The Arian manager was surprised since hierarchy was never a matter of concern in his country. In the context of the given scenario, which of the following statements is true?

a. Behavior is perceived differently from culture to culture.
b. The company in Iota should adopt the ways of the company in Aria.
c. The manager from Aria had an ethnocentric point of view.
d. The company in Iota reinforces the glass ceiling.

All leaders need to be aware of the impact that culture may have and consider cultural values in their dealingswith employees and colleagues. Behavioral misunderstanding can affect leadership. One important thing to be done is to understand the culture of a place before transacting anyform of business in that environment. It is like trying to sell fish air when they survive only in water.