Answer:
Electrophilic aromatic substitution involves a process in an atom that is attached to an aromatic system is replaced by a electrophile. Electrophile is an electron pair acceptor. In the first step of electrophilic aromatic substitution of aniline, aniline has 3 resonance structures.
Explanation:
Aniline undergo a two step electrophilic aromatic substitution. The first step yields both ortho and para groups while the last yield a meta group.
In the first step, the amino group of aniline are strong activating group and ortho/para directing by resonance. This amino groups donates their unshared electrons to the pi-system creating a negative charge on the ortho and para positions. These positions are most reactive towards an electron-poor electrophile.
In the second step, the electrophilic aromatic substitution on aniline proceeds quite slowly to give an unexpected high yield of meta product.
