Answer:
b. The after-tax equilibrium quantity is less than the socially optimal quantity
Explanation:
Negative externality is when the cost of either production or consumption activities to third parties exceeds its benefits.
An example of an activity that generates negative externality is pollution.
One way to reduce externality is through taxation.
The amount of negative externality generated is $6 but the amount of tax imposed is $8. The tax would reduce equilibrium quantity by $8 while the amount of negative externality produced is $6.