Respuesta :
Answer:
The true statements include
- Most solids increase their water solubility with decreasing temperature.
- The solubility of liquid alcohols in water decreases as the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule increases
- Gases are less soluble in water as the temperature increases.
The false statements include
- The more hydroxyl (OH) groups on an alcohol, the less soluble it is in water.
- Gas solubility increases as the partial pressure of the gas (over the solvent) decreases.
Explanation:
Analyzing the statements one at a time,
- Most solids increase their water solubility with decreasing temperature.
For solid solubility, it usually involves the breaking down or relaxing of some bonds in the solid structure of the substance to ensure the dissolving of the solid substance in solution. Increasing the temperature when this dissolution wants to occur enables the bonds that need to break or relax, do that easily as a result of the increased average kinetic energy acquired by the substance. Hence, most solids truly increase their solubility in water as temperature increases. Statement is true.
- The more hydroxyl (OH) groups on an alcohol, the less soluble it is in water.
The solubiluty of alcohols in water is in fact due to the hydrogen bonding that is formed between the hydroxyl group in the alcohol structure amd water molecules. The more pronounced the hydrogen bonding, the more soluble the alcohol is. And what better way or manner to track hydrogen bonding in alcohols than the number of hydroxyl groups within its ranks. Hence, the more the hydroxyl groups in an alcohol's structure, the more soluble the alcohol is.
This statement is false.
- Gas solubility increases as the partial pressure of the gas (over the solvent) decreases.
Henry's Law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of that gas above the surface of the solution. Hence, the solubility of a gas does not increase as the partial pressure of the gas (over the solvent) decreases.
This statement is false.
- The solubility of liquid alcohols in water decreases as the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule increases.
The solubility of alcohols is dependent on the polarity that can be created through hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group & water molecules and how prominent the non-polar partnof the alcohol is.
The non-polar part of the alcohol is the alkyl group part, made up of the carbon atoms mostly. This part inhibits the solubility of alcohols in water because the dissolution law is that 'polar dissolves polar & non-polar dissolves non-polar'. Non polar substances cannot dissolve in polar substances and vice versa. So, the more non-polar the alkyl group of the alcohol is, the less soluble the alcohol is.
So, the solubility of liquid alcohols in water decreases as the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule increases.
This statement is true.
- Gases are less soluble in water as the temperature increases.
The solubility of a gas in water will decrease with increasing temperature; colder water will be able to have more gas dissolved in it than hotter water.
This statement is true.
Hope this Helps!!!
Among the given statements, True are:
- Most solids increase their water solubility with decreasing temperature.
- The solubility of liquid alcohols in water decreases as the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol molecule increases
- Gases are less soluble in water as the temperature increases.
Among the given statements, False are:
- The more hydroxyl (OH) groups on an alcohol, the less soluble it is in water.
- Gas solubility increases as the partial pressure of the gas (over the solvent) decreases.
Solubility of solid, liquid and gas:
Solids and liquids show almost no change in solubility with changes in pressure. But gases are very dependent on the pressure of the system. Gases dissolve in liquids to form solutions. There are two direct factors that affect solubility: temperature and pressure. Temperature affects the solubility of both solids and gases, but pressure only affects the solubility of gases.
Find more information about Solubility here:
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