The body of a slime mold that flows over a rotten log appears to lack any partitioning into distinct cells; however it does become cellular when it changes form and produces spores. The surfaces of parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are "syncytial" layers of living material that developed from a single cell but now contains many nuclei but lack partitioning by cell membranes. These tissues actively consume food and produce wastes. Considering that the cell theory states that "all living things are composed of cells," then:_______.a. these tissues are not living because they violate the cell theory.b. this proves some vital force is involved beyond normal cell structures in order to give life to living organisms.c. these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells.d. the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds since sometime in their life these organisms still utilize cells, but this shows cell membranes can be abandoned.e. all of the above are true.

The given example of the slime mold that flows on a rotten log and the parasitic flatworms and other insects shows no cellular distinction as they lack true partitioning in between their cells of the body. These organisms (insects and parasitic flatworm) have syncytial tissues but lack cell membranes.

All these organisms still follow the rules of cell theory as they are made up of cells and rise from pre-existing cells and all cells of an organism are similar to one other. However, it is not necessary to have a cell membrane and it can be abandoned.

Thus, the correct answer is : option D.