Answer and Explanation:
a. The estimation of the contribution margin for each segment is shown below:
(in millions)
Particulars Investor Advisor Services Services
Income from
operations $1,681 $1,660
Add:
Depreciation $171 $154
Contribution
Margin $1,852 $1,814
2. Now the estimation of decline in operating income is
(in millions)
Particulars Combined services Institutional Services
Revenues $9,368 $4,771
Less:
Variable cost $5,702 $2,919
($2,919 + $2,783)
Contribution
margin $3,666 $1,852
Less:
Fixed cost -$325 -$171
Net income $3,341 $1,681
So according to the above calculations, the net operating income is declined by
= $3,341 - $1,681
= $1,660 million
The variable cost is come from
= Service revenues - income from operations - depreciation expense