Answer:
inflation rate = 3.41%
Explanation:
real growth rate = (real GDP 2016 / real GDP 2015) - 1 = -0.3%
if we use 2015 as our base year, its real GDP = 100
so 2016 real GDP = 99.7
real GDP is nominal GDP adjusted for inflation:
in this case, 2016 nominal GDP = 100 + nominal growth = 100 + 3.1 = 103.1
GDP deflator = 103.1 / 99.7 = 1.0341
inflation rate = deflator - 1 = 1.0341 - 1 = 0.0341 or 3.41%
Since we are calculating GDP, not GDP per capita, the increase in population is not relevant here.