Answer:
I am writing a PHP program.
<?php
function word_count($string){ // function that takes a string a parameter and returns the number of words in that string
$space = 0; // this variable is used in order to detect space, new line and tab spaces in a string
$words = 1; // this variable is used to identify word presence in string
$include = $space; //used to maintain the state of $words and $space
$counter = 0; // this counts the number of words in the string
$i = 0; //this moves through each character of the string
while ($i < strlen($string)){ // iterates through every character of string until the last character of string is reached
if ($string[$i] == " "||$string[$i] == "\n" || $string[$i] == "\t") //if the space or new line or tab space is identified in the string
$include = $space; //set the state of include as space if the next character is a space newline or a tab space
else if ($include == $space) { //if next character is a word and current state i.e. $include holds $space
$include = $words; // then set the state i.e. $include as $words
++$counter; } //increments i to move to next character at each iteration
++$i; } //returns the number of words in a string
return $counter; }
$str = "Hello, how are you "; //sample string
echo "Words: " . word_count($str); // calls word_count function to return number of words in str.
?>
Explanation:
The program has a function word_count that accepts a string as its parameter and returns the number of words in the string. In the function there are three variables $space and $words and $include used as state variables. For instance $space identifies space, new line and tab spaces in the $string so it specifies that a space has occurred. $words identifies words in the $string so it specifies that a word has occurred. $include holds this state information. $i moves through every character of the $string and when a space occurs in the $string then the state $include is set to $space. When a word occurs then state $include is set to $words. $counter variable, which is used to count the number of words is incremented to 1 when previous state is $space and next character is a word character. Every time a word is seen in the string, this variable is incremented to 1 to keep track of number of words in the string. When $i reaches the end of the string then this loop stops and counter returns the number of words in the $string.
The function word_count will return the count of words using loops.
Loops are important, when repetitive operations are to be executed.
The program in Python, where comments are used to explain each line is as follows:
#This defines the function
def word_count(strn):
#This initializes the count of words to 1
count = 1
#This iterates through the string
for i in range(len(strn)):
#If current element is space
if strn[i] == " ":
#Increment the count of words by 1
count += 1
#This prints the count of words
print(count)
The loop is implemented using a for loop
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