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The institution which used to commit violence towards African Americans throughout the past two centuries and early 1900s was the White Republicans.
Who were the white Republicans?
One of the most important aspects of Reconstruction was the active participation of African Americans (including hundreds of previously enslaved people) in the political, economic, and social life of the South.
The generation became a magnificent volume described by means of their quest for autonomy and equal legal rights, both as individuals and for the Black network as a whole.
During Reconstruction, a few 2,000 African Americans held public office, from the local stage to the U.S. Senate, though they were not represented in authorities in proportion to their numbers.
The months after the Union victory in April 1865, the Black network saw big mobilization in the Black network, with meetings, parades, and petitions calling for felony and political rights, which included the all-essential right to vote.
During the primary years of Reconstruction, black people prepared Equal Rights Leagues for the duration of the South and held kingdom and nearby conventions to protest discriminatory remedies and call for suffrage.
These African American activists bitterly opposed the Reconstruction rules of President Andrew Johnson, which excluded black people from southern politics and allowed kingdom legislatures to bypass restrictive "black codes".
So it's far from the above assertions that white Republicans are an appropriate answer.
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