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At liftoff, a space shuttle uses a solid mixture of ammonium perchlorate and aluminum powder to obtain great thrust from the volume change of solid to gas. In the presence of a catalyst, the mixture forms solid aluminum oxide and aluminum chloride and gaseous water and nitrogen monoxide.A. Write a balanced equation for the reaction, assign oxidation states for all atoms, and identify the reducing and oxidizing agents.B. How much aluminum oxide can you make when you react 150.0 g of ammonium perchlorate with 50.0 g of powdered aluminum

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Answer:

A) 3NH₄ClO₄ + 3Al ---> Al₂O₃ + AlCl₃ + 6H₂O + 3NO

B) 150 g of ammonium perchlorate will produce 43.4 g of aluminum oxide

Explanation:

A)Balanced equation of reaction:

3NH₄ClO₄ + 3Al ---> Al₂O₃ + AlCl₃ + 6H₂O + 3NO

Oxidation states:

Nitrogen, N:  from -3 to +2

Hydrogen, H: from +1 to +1

Chlorine, Cl: From +7 to -1

Oxygen, O: from -2 t0 -2

Aluminum, Al: from 0 to +3.

Oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate while the reducing agent is the aluminum powder.

B) molar mass of aluminum oxide = 102 g/mol; molar mass of ammonium perchlorate =117.5 g/mol

From the equation of reaction 3 moles of ammonium perchlorate reacts with 3 moles of aluminum to produce 1 mole of aluminum oxide;

that is 3 * 117.5 g of  ammonium perchlorate reacts with 3 * 27 g of aluminum to produce 102 g/mol of aluminum oxide

150 g of ammonium perchlorate will react with (150 * 3*27) / (3 * 117.5) of aluminum = 34.47 g of Al

Ammonium perchlorate is the limiting reactant.

150 g of ammonium perchlorate will produce (150 * 102)/(3*117.5) g of aluminum oxide = 43.4 g of aluminum oxide

The branch of science that deals with chemicals and bonds are called chemistry. Chemistry deals with the physical and chemical behavior of the element.

The correct answer to the question is [tex]3NH_4ClO_4 + 3Al ---> Al_2O_3 + AlCl_3 + 6H_2O + 3NO[/tex]

B) 150 g of ammonium perchlorate will produce 43.4 g of aluminum oxide

What is the balanced reaction?

  • A balanced equation is an equation for a chemical reaction in which the number of atoms for each element in the reaction and the total charge are the same for both the reactants and the products. In other words, the mass and the charge are balanced on both sides of the reaction.

Oxidation states:

  • Nitrogen, N:  from -3 to +2
  • Hydrogen, H: from +1 to +1
  • Chlorine, Cl: From +7 to -1
  • Oxygen, O: from -2 t0 -2
  • Aluminum, Al: from 0 to +3.

The oxidizing agent is ammonium perchlorate while the reducing agent is the aluminum powder.

B) molar mass of aluminum oxide = 102 g/mol; molar mass of ammonium perchlorate =117.5 g/mol. From the equation of reaction 3 moles of ammonium perchlorate reacts with 3 moles of aluminum to produce 1 mole of aluminum oxide;

That is[tex]3 * 117.5[/tex] g of ammonium perchlorate reacts with [tex]3 * 27[/tex]g of aluminum to produce 102 g/mol of aluminum oxide. 150 g of ammonium perchlorate will react with [tex]\frac{(150 * 3*27) }{ (3 * 117.5)}[/tex] of aluminum = 34.47 g of Al

Ammonium perchlorate is the limiting reactant.

150 g of ammonium perchlorate will produce (150 * 102)/(3*117.5) g of aluminum oxide

= 43.4 g of aluminum oxide.

Hence, the correct answer is 4.34g.

For more information about the balanced reaction, refer to the link:-

https://brainly.com/question/264225

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