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Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins. Be sure to describe the steps in the process of protein synthesis. Use information from the lesson to support your response.

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Answer:

The sequence of bases in a DNA molecule can determine the order of amino acids in a protein molecule. Groups of three bases called triplets represent different amino acids. This is the basis of the genetic code . A sequence of bases (genetic information) on DNA that codes for a protein is called a gene .

Explanation:

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DNA is a genetic material that is made up of two polynucleotide chains.

The structure of a protein is determined by the structure of DNA :

DNA helps in protein synthesis by giving one template in it to produce the mRNA. So if there are any changes in the sequence of DNA, it will affect the protein sequence.

Process of protein synthesis

  • The process of protein synthesis happens in two phases:

  • The first is transcription, in which the conversion of the DNA into mRNA happens.

  • Transcription occurs in three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

  • In the initiation, the DNA strands open up with the help of polymerase enzyme.

  • In elongation, one template of the DNA acts as a template to produce mRNA. The mRNA produced.

  • In the termination, the mRNA template is separated from the DNA and the termination code arrived.

  • The second is translation, in which the mRNA is converted into protein.

  • This is carried out in three steps, initiation, elongation, and termination.

  • In the initiation, the ribosomal units combined with the mRNA.

  • During the elongation, the ribosomal units continue to translate each codon.

  • In termination, the stop codons are reached and there is no codons to translate so the process stop.

Thus, that's how protein synthesis occurs.

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