Now the examinations began. First the immigrants were examined by two doctors of the United States Health Service. One doctor looked for physical and mental abnormalities. When a case aroused suspicion, the immigrant received a chalk mark on the right shoulder for further inspection, L for lameness, H for heart, X for mental defects, and so on. The purpose of this excerpt is to describe the doctors who worked for the United States Health Service. the health procedures that were part of immigration. the physical and mental illnesses suffered by immigrants. the immigrants who went through the medical exams.