Answer:
1. The true statement about the relationship between an organism's traits and its genes is that genes encode the proteins that determine an organism's traits (option B).
2. A DNA mutation can cause the structure of the protein to be changed (option C).
Explanation:
DNA contains the genetic information necessary for the structure and function of living beings. It is a molecule that, once transcribed into mRNA, dictates the rules for protein synthesis.
1. Chromosomes are composed of a DNA molecule, whose segments form the genes that contain specific base sequences to determine a trait.
The information from the DNA is transcribed into the mRNA, which is responsible for carrying it to the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. These proteins formed from the genetic code determine the different traits in living beings. So, genes encode the proteins that determine an organism's traits.
2. Since the DNA contains the information needed to transcribe it into the mRNA and for the mRNA to initiate protein synthesis, any alteration in the DNA base sequence -due to mutation- can be produced:
- A transcription of the mRNA with the alteration
- That during mRNA translation, the codon that forms an amino acid, or that determines the stop of protein synthesis, is changed.
- The alteration or change, consequently, of the synthesized protein.
There is a relationship between the DNA mutation and the structure of the protein being changed.
