The characteristics of the shielding we can find the correct answer for the shielding of a magnesium electron is:
c) The 1s, 2s, and 2p electrons
The quantum mechanic shielding is the effect that the electrons closest to the atomic nucleus have to create a potential barrier for the electrons of the higher orbits.
The net attractive force on the electron of Magnesium is diminished by the effect of the electrons in the lower shells n = 1 and n = 2
As the level n = 2 is closer to the level n = 3 this is the one that creates the greatest shielding, but the innermost level also contributes a part.
The other electron at the same energy level n = 3, has an effect due to the Pauli exclusion principle, it forces it to have an opposite spin, to be able to be together, creating an exchange energy between the two electrons, but it does not shield the core charge as they are together.
Let's examine the different claims
a) False. Electrons at level n = 1 also create shielding
b) False. Electrons at levels n = 1 and n=2 create a shield, but the other electron is at the same level n = 3 and does not shield the nucleus.
c) True. The internal levels serves as a screen for the electron each with a different magnitude
d) False. The 2p orbital creates a large shield since it has 6 electrons
In conclusion, using the characteristics of the shielding we can find the correct answer for the shielding of a magnesium electron is:
c) The 1s, 2s, and 2p electrons
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