Sex chromosomes are chromosomes which are responsible for sex determination. These are the X and Y chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome in their sex cells/gametes. Karyotyping is the visualization of chromosomes after blocking the cells in mitosis and staining; this allows us to identify the size, shape, and number of chromosomes present in cells, which is significant because extra, missing, or abnormal chromosomes can cause developmental problems or issues with body functions.
