Name the kinds of attractive forces that must be overcome in order to do the following. (Select all that apply.) (a) boil liquid ammonia dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds (b) melt solid phosphorus (P4) dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds (c) dissolve CsI in liquid HF dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds (d) melt potassium metal dipole-dipole forces dispersion forces hydrogen bonds ion-dipole forces ion-ion interparticle forces metallic bonds

The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles(Chem Purdue). Dipole forces exists in all molecules but not in metals.

The intermolecular forces present in each substance must be broken before the stated process can occur.

The nature of intermolecular forces in each substance has been shown in the answer section.

For ammonia, the dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds must be degraded before liquid ammonia begins to boil.

For solid phosphorus which is non polar, only dispersion forces needs to be broken.

To dissolve CsI in HF, ion-ion interparticle forces of CsI must be broken while the dipole-dipole forces, dispersion forces and hydrogen bonds between HF molecules must be broken.

Potassium metal is a pure metal hence only metallic bonds must be broken in order to melt the solid.

throwdolbeau throwdolbeau · Answer 2 · 2021-12-13T10:09:40+01:00

a) Dipole-dipole forces

b) Dispersion forces

c) Dipole-dipole forces, ion-ion interparticle forces, hydrogen bonds

d) Metallic forces

Let us see all options one by one:

a) Ammonia molecule has weak intermolecular forces between the molecule which is known as dipole-dipole interactions or forces and strong covalent forces between its atoms. So, on boiling liquid ammonia the weak intermolecular forces breaks down but it cannot break the strong covalent bond that is present between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms.

b) In [tex]P_4\\[/tex] molecule, the forces that are present are dispersion forces since the molecule is non planar and it has weak intermolecular interactions.

c) CsI has ionic interactions due to presence of cesium ion and iodide ion while HF molecule has strong hydrogen bonding. To dissolve CsI in HF, some of the hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole and dispersion forces between HF molecules must also be overcome. So in order to dissolve CsI in HF mainly all types of interactions are involved.

d) Since, potassium is a metal so on melting any metal, the forces that are involved are metallic forces or bonding.

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