About this time, one of the towers in the stone wall began to burn, for the men who worked our machines had been hurling firebrands upon it until the wooden beams within it caught fire. The flames and smoke soon became so bad that none of the Muslim defenders of this part of the wall were able to remain near this place. At the noon hour on Friday, with trumpets sounding, amid great commotion and shouting "God help us," the Franks entered the city. When the pagans saw one standard planted on the wall, they were completely demoralized, and all their former boldness vanished, and they turned to flee through the narrow streets of the city.

Background information: This account of the fall of Jerusalem in 1099 was written by a Christian historian and eyewitness to the event, sometime around 1106.

The author of this account is a
.

As a result, his account is likely to be
towards the Muslims who lost their lives.

His account is likely
, because he was a witness to the event.

Those who free Jerusalem will get rewards from God. From the Christian metropolis of Constantinople, the Crusaders advanced on Jerusalem.

European crusader; less sympathetic; more reliable

What were some of the Crusades' long-term effects?

People interact with people from different cultures and discover new Arab items.

People begin to trade as a result, and land loses importance in favour of money.

As a result, towns expand and the middle class emerges quickly. Christians gained knowledge of new cuisines and items through trade with the Middle East.

In addition to trade, Europe's economy grew stronger due to the Crusaders' increasing need for goods.

The Muslim empires became more powerful as a result of the Crusades. The Crusades boosted Constantinople's influence.

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