Answer:
$2,448
Explanation:
Present value of projected annual net cash flow = Annual net cash-flow * Present value annuity factor (3, 9%)
= $22,300 * 2.5313
= $56,447.99
= $56,448
Net present value of machine = Present value of projected annual net cash flow - Initial outflow
Net present value of machine = $56,448 - $54,000
Net present value of machine = $2,448
So, the net present value of this machine assuming all cash flows occur at year-end is $2,448.