Contact metamorphism is the result of rising of hot magma, where by contact, other previously solidified rocks also metamorphize. This events occurs in convergent and divergent plate boundaries.
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Contact metamorphism refers to a localized metamorphism. It occurs in the vicinity of intrusive igneous rocks and results from the term effects of hot magma.
Contact metamorphism occurs under elevated temperatures and low-pressure conditions. It is closely related to magmatism.
It occurs in oceanic dorsals, where the extremely hot magma rising to the surface metamorphizes other previously solidified magmatic rocks.
It is very common to find this metamorphism at both convergent and divergent plate boundaries, where molten rock is produced.
I. Convergent. Collision area between two plates. Two oceanic plates might collide, or one oceanic plate with a continental one. In this last case, the oceanic crust sinks under the continental plate, and magma rises to the surface by crevices. The thicker and older plate subduces under the other plate. Also, collisions create volcanic arches and continental arches. In these boundaries, blueschists form by contact and regional metamorphisms.
II. Divergent: New crust is created by the rising molten materials coming from the mantle when two plates separate. A stream of hot material creates a new seabed between the separating plates, producing the sea bottom expansion. This process occurs along with an underwater mountain range, known as the mid-oceanic ridge or divergent ridge. Chlorite and plagioclase metamorphic rocks are formed by contact metamorphism.
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