The reason why perchloric acid is more acidic that ethane is because the hydrogen in perchloric acid is bonded to oxygen which is more electronegative than carbon.
The acidity of a substance depends largely on the ease with which the X-H bond is broken. If the electron density is tilted towards the atom X, then the X-H bond is weaker and the substance is more acidic.
The polarity of the X-Y bond depends on the electronegativity of X. In the case of perchloric acid and ethane, oxygen is more electronegative than carbon hence the O-H bond in perchloric acid is more easily broken than the C-H bond in ethane.
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