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Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that explains how major landforms are created as a result of Earth’s subterranean movements. The theory, which solidified in the 1960s, transformed the earth sciences by explaining many phenomena, including mountain building events, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
It states that Earth's outer shell is made up of many different plates, all which glide over top the Earth's mantle. The plates are found in the lithosphere. Also known as continental drift, the theory of plate tectonics is the reasoning behind why and how continents are constantly moving.
During the 1950s and early 1960s, scientists set up seismograph networks to see if enemy nations were testing atomic bombs. These seismographs also recorded all of the earthquakes around the planet. The seismic records could be used to locate an earthquake’s epicenter, the point on Earth’s surface directly above the place where the earthquake occurs.
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