The consumption of energy during digestion is known as the thermic effect of food.
Consuming food is how we get the energy needed to sustain the basic functions of our organisms. Digesting this food, however, also takes up energy. In fact, about 10% of the energy we expend daily is allocated towards the digestion and storage of food and nutrients. This is known as the thermic effect of food.
On average, the food with the highest thermic effect is that of vegetables and fruit with high water compositions. This, however, falls a bit out of the scope of the question given that these foods are often very low in calories. The food that is high in calories and has a high thermic effect is protein. On average, proteins consume 20-30% more energy to digest than other sources of calories.
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