Respuesta :
Answer:
Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms.
Explanation:
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Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic molecules in nature. They are polyhydroxy carbonyl compounds or the substances which yield these compounds on hydrolysis. In general, they are aldehyde derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. All carbohydrates characteristically contain a carbonyl group and 2 or more hydroxyl groups in each molecule. In most of them, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen exist in the ratio 1:2:1.
A carbohydrate molecule is essentially a chain of several hydroxyl groups with a terminal aldehyde or keto group. Those carbohydrates which contain the aldehyde group are called aldoses and those which contain the keto group are called ketoses.
Arabinose, glucose, mannose, galactose, and others are aldoses. Erythrulose, xylulose, fructose, and others are ketoses. In aldoses, the ultimate carbon is double bonded with oxygen. But in ketoses, this double bond is formed by penultimate carbon.
Based on physic-chemical properties, carbohydrates are classified into neutral, basic, and acidic species. Neutral sugars have only 1 hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Basic ones contain amino groups, in addition to hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Acidic sugars have an additional carboxyl group.
Based on molecular complexity, biologically important carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Mono and oligosaccharides are usually sweet, soluble, colorless, and crystalline compounds readily soluble in water but insoluble in polar solvents. Polysaccharides are mostly amorphous, tasteless, and water-insoluble.
Carbohydrates are otherwise known as sugars or saccharides due to the sweetness in most of them. They are the major sources of cellular energy and an important constituent of the cell wall.
