Answer:
The answer is most likely 4
Explanation:
Not 4
The keyword in "domestic tranquility" is "domestic", suggesting peace within the nation. This already rules out 4.
Not 1
While the Revolutionary War had ended, it didn't "just end", it ended 4 years prior. While this doesn't rule it out, it makes it less likely.
Not 5
The "no taxation without representation" issue dates back to 1765 which is over 20 years before the Constitution was written, so it wasn't the main issue.
Not 3
The Declaration of Independence was sign about 10 years prior to the constitution and was more like a break-up text to England whilst the constitution dealt with America.
4
Shay's Rebellion occurred around the same time as the signing of the Constitution, since it was the most recent rebellion, it makes sense that it was the most influential.
I haven't gotten to this unit yet, so I can only answer based off dates I've memorized. I hope this at least gives you context for any other questions. Good luck! (: